Special Operation Preference setup¶

Taking final exposures at very high magnification¶

Hysteresis of image shift at very high mags such as 200 kx can be reduced by setting the
following configuration

• Presets Manager/Settings>

Cycle Magnification Only = no

• If <link linkend="QExpTarget">queuing is used at exposure targeting</link>,

Exposure Targeting/Settings>

Declare drift when queue submitted = yes

Avoiding drift correction that uses LM sq
preset¶

If the grid is flat and the offset of targets is small enough that it can be corrected
in the hole image, we recommand using the <link linkend="QExpTarget">Queuing option at
Exposure Targeting</link>. The sq preset is still used after Stage Z adjustment to correct
the hole targets but will not be used when queued exposure targets are processed.

If the offset of targets is minimal even after stage Z adjustment, set the following to
avoid using ancestor images obtained in LM for drift management purpose, queuing or
not.

• Target Adjustment/Settings>

Minimum Magnification =Lowest Magnification you want to allow the node to use for
determining the new target.

Minimize the use of image shift for the final exposure (Approach 1)¶

Large image shift can cause sufficient beam tilt that creates problems such as bad
autofocus, beam shift, and loss of resolution (but probably only if better than 4 angstrum
is needed). Image shift is used in Leginon for targeting exposure because it is much more
accurate than a single movement by the specimen goniometer, even after it is modeled for
mechanical periodicity.

The accuracy of the stage movement is lower when it moves a long distance. Therefore,
using iterative stage movement can improve the targeting, and therefore reduce the amount of
image shift required for the final exposure. To use this feature, change the following
preference in Hole node (or Subsquare node in MSI-Raster).

It is important to know that in order to check whether the precision is reached, image
is taken at the preset at which the target is selected on (in this case, sq preset), so the
dose should be kept at minimal. On our microscope 0.2 micron precision can be obtained
within 2 to 3 moves.

Hole/Settings/Image Acquisition>

• Mover=navigator

• Navigator Target Tolerance = 2 e-7 m (or whatever tolerance you like): This sets the
  goal for multiple movement

• Navigator Acceptable Tolerance = 1 e-6 m (or whatever tolerance you like): If
  further movement causes an increase rather than a decrease of targeting accuracy, this
  value determines whether the target is aborted or not.

• Final Image Shift = No

Navigation/Settings/Error Checking and Correction>

• Preset cycle after each move = yes if your sq preset is in LM mode and you don't
  mind wait a little longer; = no if you don't have hysteresis problem staying in sq
  preset for the unknown amount of time during the iterative move.

Minimize the use of image shift for the final exposure (Approach 2)¶

A different approach is being developed to minimize image shift while maintaining final
targeting accuracy-A combination of stage movement and image shift. This approach can only
be used in limited cases such as targets selected for the tomography node or exposure node,
and is only experimental in the latter case.

Tomography or Exposure/Settings/Image Acquisition>

• Move Type = modeled stage position

• Mover=navigator

• Navigator Target Tolerance = 1 e-7 m (or whatever tolerance you like)

• Navigator Acceptable Tolerance = 1 e-6 m (or whatever tolerance you like)

• Final Image Shift = Yes

Optimize autofocusing sequence¶

The focus sequence in Focus and Z Focus nodes can and should be optimize for specific
cases. The activated sequence in the default setting is good for a flat holey grid and is
meant for high resolution imaging at 50k x or higher. If accurate defocus is not important,
focusing once per grid square may be sufficient, for which all focus sequence in Focus node
can be deactivated and the same autofocus step can be added to Z Focus node instead.

There are two methods to determine the defocus automatically : Stage tilt (Equivalent to
stage wobbling) and Beam tilt. There are also two possible ways for correcting the defocus
measured: Defocus (Equivalent to turning the focusing knob on the scope and reset the
defocus) and Stage Z (Moving the stage to the zero defocus height).

The following observations at NRAMM may help you determine what is the best to
use

• Both defocus determination method requires calculation correlation between two
  images. Therefore, the magnification and the location of the autofocusing should include
  area with contrast.

• The higher the magnification, the more accurate the defocus determination but the
  smaller the range of defocus the defocus determination can handle.

• Beam Tilt is more reproducible and preferred method to determing defocus in HM
  mode.

• Stage Tilt (Wobbling) is the preferred method to determine defocus in LM
  mode.

MSI-Raster Chapter contains an example of an <link linkend="MSI-R_auto_focus"

alternative Z Focus node focus sequence</link> for grid that show little contrast at

medium magnifications.

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